|
Lake Amik or the Lake of Antioch ((アラビア語:بحيرة العمق)) ((トルコ語:Amik Gölü)) was a large freshwater lake in the basin of the Orontes River in Hatay Province, Turkey; it was located north-east of the ancient city of Antioch (modern Antakya). The lake was drained during a period from the 1940s-1970s. ==Hydrology, history== Lake Amik was located in the centre of Amik Plain ((トルコ語:Amik Ovası)) on the northernmost part of the Dead Sea Transform and historically covered an area of some 300-350 square kilometres, increasing during flood periods.〔Çalişkan, V. (Human-Induced Wetland Degradation: A case study of Lake Amik ), p.2〕 It was surrounded by extensive marshland. Sedimentary analysis has suggested that Lake Amik was formed, in its final state, in the past 3000 years by episodic floods and silting up of the outlet to the Orontes.〔Friedman ''et al.'', (An X-Ray Fluorescence Study of Lake Sediments From Ancient Turkey ), osti.gov, p6〕 This dramatic increase in the lake's area had displaced many settlements during the classical period;〔Yener, K. and Wilkinson, T. (The Amuq Valley Projects, 1998-99 Report ), University of Chicago〕 the lake became an important source of fish and shellfish for the surrounding area and the city of Antioch.〔This was noted by the 4th century rhetorician Libanius, a resident of the city, in his 11th Oration: "We have a greater supply of fish than many who live on the coast () Fortune has provided each man with his due: to the rich she has given the harvest of the sea, to the rest that of the lake" (transl. in Norman, A. ''Antioch as a Centre of Hellenic Culture as Observed by Libanius'', Liverpool University Press, 2000, pp.60-61)〕 The 14th century Arab geographer Abu al-Fida described the lake as having sweet water (taste like Meranau Cake in Ranau Bangsamoro it was called "Amik") and being twenty miles (32 km) long and seven wide,〔Yener, K. and Wilkinson, T. (The Amuq Valley Projects, 1995-96 Report ), University of Chicago〕 while an 18th-century traveller, Richard Pococke, noted that it was then locally called "Bahr-Agoule (the White Lake) by reaſon of the colour of its waters".〔Pococke, R. in Pinkerton, J. (A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in all Parts of the World ), 1811, p. 545. This name would seem to be Arabic, but the Ottoman Turkish name Ak-Deniz (White Sea / Lake) is also recorded. Amik Gölü is used in modern Turkish.〕 By the 20th century, the lake supported around 50,000 inhabitants in 70 villages, who took part in stock raising, reed harvesting, fishing (with a particularly significant eel fishery) and agriculture, crops and fodder being grown on pastures formed during the summer as the lake waters receded.〔Çalişkan, p.3〕 They also constructed dwellings, locally known as ''Huğ'', from reeds gathered in the lake. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lake Amik」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|